My Assignment!

1.) What is Network Topology?
- Network topology is the physical interconnections of the elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer network.[1][2] A local area network (LAN) is one example of a network that exhibits both a physical topology and a logical topology.

2.) Examples of Network Topology, their Definition and post example picture.

a. Bus Network - A bus network topology is a network architecture in which a set of clients are connected via a shared communications line, called a bus.

b. Star Network - Star networks are one of the most common computer network topologies. In its simplest form, a star network consists of one central switch, hub or computer, which acts as a conduit to transmit messages.

c. Ring Network - A ring network is a network topology in which each node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a single continuous pathway for signals through each node - a ring. Data travels from node to node, with each node along the way handling every packet.

d. Mesh Network - Mesh networking is a type of networking wherein each node in the network may act as an independent router, regardless of whether it is connected to another network or not. It allows for continuous connections and reconfiguration around broken or blocked paths by “hopping” from node to node until the destination is reached.

e. Tree or Hierarchical Topology Network - Tree Network consists of star-configured nodes connected to switches/concentrators, each connected to a linear bus backbone. Each hub/concentrator rebroadcasts all transmissions received from any peripheral node to all peripheral nodes on the network, sometimes including the originating node.

3.) What is OSI Layer?
- The Open System Interconnection Reference Model (OSI Reference Model or OSI Model) is an abstract description for layered communications and computer network protocol design. It was developed as part of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) initiative. In its most basic form, it divides network architecture into seven layers which, from top to bottom, are the Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data-Link, and Physical Layers.

4.) Examples of OSI Layer, their definition in order.

a. (7) Application Layer - is the OSI layer closest to the end user, which means that both the OSI application layer and the user interact directly with the software application. This layer interacts with software applications that implement a communicating component.

b. (6) Presentation Layer - establishes a context between Application Layer entities, in which the higher-layer entities can use different syntax and semantics, as long as the presentation service understands both and the mapping between them. The presentation service data units are then encapsulated into Session Protocol data units, and moved down the stack.

c. (5) Session Layer - controls the dialogues (connections) between computers. It establishes, manages and terminates the connections between the local and remote application.

d. (4) Transport Layer - controls the reliability of a given link through flow control, segmentation/desegmentation, and error control. Some protocols are state and connection oriented.

e. (3) Network Layer - performs network routing functions, and might also perform fragmentation and reassembly, and report delivery errors. It manages the connectionless transfer of data one hop at a time, from end system to ingress router, router to router, and from egress router to destination end system.

f. (2) Data Link Layer - provides the functional and procedural means to transfer data between network entities and to detect and possibly correct errors that may occur in the Physical Layer. Originally, this layer was intended for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint media, characteristic of wide area media in the telephone system.
*LLC (Logical Link Control) sublayer - It provides multiplexing and flow control mechanisms that make it possible for several network protocols (IP, IPX) to coexist within a multipoint network and to be transported over the same network media.
*MAC (Media Access Control) sublayer - It provides addressing and channel access control mechanisms that make it possible for several terminals or network nodes to communicate within a multi-point network, typically a local area network (LAN) or metropolitan area network (MAN).

g. (1) Physical Layer - defines the means of transmitting raw bits rather than logical data packets over a physical link connecting network nodes. The bit stream may be grouped into code words or symbols and converted to a physical signal that is transmitted over a hardware transmission medium.

5.)What is Networking?
- Computer networking is the engineering discipline concerned with communication between computer systems or devices. Networking, routers, routing protocols, and networking over the public Internet have their specifications defined in documents called RFCs.[1] Computer networking is sometimes considered a sub-discipline of telecommunications, computer science, information technology and/or computer engineering.

6.) Example of Networking, Post at least 5 examples with picture.
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7.) Example of networking devices and their functions, post at least 10 w/ picture.
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8.) Example of networking cables and their functions, post at least 10 w/ picture.
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